When you ask someone to do something in advance, how can you ask it?

You can use ておく for it.

What is ておく and how can you use it?

In this article, I will explain about it.

I have been teaching Japanese for 4 years, so you will understand ておく when you finish reading this article.

There are practice exercises at the end of this article, so please read to the end.

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What is ておく?

ておく has two meaning.

Let’s take a look closer.

To do something in advance

テform ＋ おく (formal)

ておく→とく (casual)

みておきます→みときます

たべておきます→たべときます

If you don’t know what te form is, please read this article first.

Learning Japanese conjugation te form

We use ておく when we say that we will prepare something in advance in order to achieve a purpose.

We also use ておく for preparation for the next time.

Let’s see some examples.

In this case, he will buy a ticket for a trip in advance.

Buying a ticket is preparation for the trip, so it says かっておきます.

In this case, he will wash the dishes so that someone can use them next time.

It is kind of preparation, so it says あらっておきます.

To leave the current situation as is

テform ＋ おく (formal)

ておく→とく (casual)

We use ておく when a person leaves the current situation as is.

Let’s see some examples.

Aさん uses おきます because washing is preparation for next time.

Bさん uses おきます because he wants Aさん to stay the dishes (on the table).

Like this example, ておきます means leaving as well as preparation.

Let’s see another example.

He wants to leave the current situation (windows open), so he says あけておきます.

*Please keep in mind that you can’t use ておく for other’s action.

You can’t say that あなたがごはんをたべておきます.

Conclusion

テform ＋ おく

Excercise

１．さきに（たべます→　）おいてください。

２．さきに（いきます→　）おいてください。

３．エアコンを（つけます→　）おきます。

４．ケーキを（かいます→　）おきます。

５．きょうかしょを（よみます→　）おいてください。

Answer

１．さきに（たべます→たべて）おいてください。

２．さきに（いきます→いって）おいてください。

３．エアコンを（つけます→つけて）おきます。

４．ケーキを（かいます→かって）おきます。

５．きょうかしょを（よみます→よんで）おいてください。

If you have questions about this exercise, please contact me or leave a comment below.

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If you aren’t sure if it’s true or not, how can you express it in Japanese.

You can use かもしれない in the situation.

In this article, I’ll teach you how to use かもしれない and when you can use it.

I’ve been teaching Japanese for three years, so when you read this article, you’ll understand what かもしれない is.

There is practice exercises at the end of this article, so please read to the end.

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What is かもしれない?

We use かもしれない when something is possible.

It is used for both high and low probability.

Plain form ＋ かもしれない

ナadjだ ＋ かもしれない

Nだ ＋ かもしれない

Casual form

plain form ＋ かも

You can change to noun sentences.

You expect 90% it’s going to rain.

You can say 雨かもしれない.

You expect 1% it’s going to rain.

You can also say 雨かもしれない.

Conclusion

We use かもしれない when something is possible.

It is used for both high and low probability.

Plain form ＋ かもしれない

ナadjだ ＋ かもしれない

Nだ ＋ かもしれない

Excercise

１．ラクーンが（たべました→　）のかもしれない。

２．あした、おじいちゃんのいえへ（いきます→　）かも。

３．もう23じです。あのおみせは（しまっています→　）かもしれません。

４．さっきの人、（先生でした→　）かも。

５．あした、たいふうが（きます→　）かもしれません。

Answer

１．ラクーンが（たべました→たべた）のかもしれない。

２．あした、おじいちゃんのいえへ（いきます→いく）かも。

３．もう23じです。あのおみせは（しまっています→しまっている）かもしれません。

４．さっきの人、（先生でした→先生だった）かも。

５．あした、たいふうが（きます→くる）かもしれません。

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The post JLPT N4 Japanese grammar かもしれない -uncertainty- first appeared on Youと日本語.

When you tell someone that it’s about to rain or I hear that it’s going to rain, you can use そうだ.

In this article, I will teach you what そうだ is and how to use it.

I have been teaching Japanese for 4 years, so you will understand souda when you finish reading this article.

There are practice exercises at the end of this article, so please read to the end.

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What is そうだ?

そうだ has three meaning.

Let’s take a look closer.

Look like/Seeming

ナadj＋そうだ

(ex) ひまです→ひまそうだ

イadjい＋そうだ

(ex) おいしいです→おいしそうだ

*いいです→よさそうだ

そうだ＋noun→そうな noun

(ex)たかそうなくるま

We use そうだ to describe something’s appearance or condition judged only by looking at it.

Let’s see some examples.

They looked at the cake and they thought it was yummy.

When そうだ connects a noun, the conjugation is like ナ adjective.

be about to/expectation

Vます＋そうだ

(ex)おわります→おわりそうだ

We use そうだ when you say that something will happen soon, right before an action or change.

We also use そうだ when we say what we think or predict will probably happen in the future.

Like these cases, when it seems that something will happen soon, you can use そうだ.

He expects his work will finish soon.

Like this case, when you think something will happen in the future, you can use そうだ.

Let’s see one more example for this.

He expects that climbing mountains is tiring, so you can use そうだ.

I heard…

Plain form ＋そうだ

If you don’t know what plain form is, please read this article.

Let’s learn Japanese plain form.

We use そうだ when we tell a person some information you get from the media or some other person.

Let’s see some examples.

conclusion

We use そうだ to describe something’s appearance or condition judged only by looking at it.

ナadj＋そうだ

(ex) ひまです→ひまそうだ

イadjい＋そうだ

(ex) おいしいです→おいしそうだ

*いいです→よさそう

そうだ＋noun→そうな noun

(ex)たかそうなくるま

We use そうだ when you say that something will happen soon, right before an action or change.

We also use そうだ when we say what we think or predict will probably happen in the future.

Vます＋そうだ

We use そうだ when we tell a person some information you got from the media or some other person.

Plain form ＋そうだ

Excercise

１．そのかばん、とても（たかいです→　）ですね。いくらしましたか。

２．コップが（おちます→　）。きをつけて。

３．きいた？あのふたり、（けっこんします→　）ですよ。

４．（かなしいです→　）かおをして、どうしたんですか。

５．（いいです→　）カメラですね。

６．てんきよほうによると、あしたは（はれます→　）です。

７．あのえいがは（おもしろいです→　）ですよ。もうみましたか。

８．ともだちが　いっていましたが、かれの　びょうきは　あまり（よくない→　）です。

９．なにこれ？えを　かくのは　あまり（とくいじゃない→　）ですね。

１０．わたしの　ともだちは　あした　ニューヨークへ（いきます→　）です。

Answer

１．そのかばん、とても（たかいです→たかそう）ですね。いくらしましたか。

２．コップが（おちます→おちそう）。きをつけて。

３．きいた？あのふたり、（けっこんします→けっこんするそう）ですよ。

４．（かなしいです→かなしそうな）かおをして、どうしたんですか。

５．（いいです→よさそうな）カメラですね。

６．てんきよほうによると、あしたは（はれます→はれるそう）です。

７．あのえいがは（おもしろいです→おもしろいそう）ですよ。もうみましたか。

８．ともだちが　いっていましたが、かれの　びょうきは　あまり（よくないです→よくないそう）です。

９．なにこれ？えを　かくのは　あまり（とくいじゃない→とくいじゃなさそう）ですね。

１０．わたしの　ともだちは　あした　ニューヨークへ（いきます→いくそう）です。

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When you failed something, how can you explain the situation in Japanese?

You may use てしまう.

In this article, I will teach you how to use てしまう.

There are practice exercises at the end of this article, so please read to the end.

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how to use てしまう

てしまう has two meaning .

Let’s take a closer look.

Completely finished

テ form ＋ しまう

テ form ＋ ちゃう（じゃう）

If you don’t know what テ form is, please read this article first.

LEARNING JAPANESE CONJUGATION TE FORM

We use てしまう when we say that an action that takes time is finished early or is completely finished.

ちゃう is casual form.

Take て and put ちゃう, or take で and put じゃう.

Let’s see some examplese.

It usually takes time to finish homework.

When you finish completely the work early, you can use てしまう.

When I went to a bbq restaurant, they provided me with a more expensive meal than I had ordered.

I didn’t notice their mistake because it looked the same.

When I asked about the price, they said I had to pay this much because I had eaten all of it.

Anyway, たべちゃいました means that (you) have eaten it completely.

Mistake

てしまう is also used when the speaker talks about something that is a mistake or is unfortunate or troublesome.

When we express our sad feelings or regrets, we usually use てしまう.

For example,

Leaving an umbrella is your mistake and you feel sad because of it.

Therefore, you would say わすれてしまいました.

This is a dad joke.

Close is しまる in Japanese and the タ form is しまった.

しまった is also your feeling of regret.

Hotel doors automatically lock.

How would you feel when you close the door without having the key?

Would you feel sad?

You might say しまった。ドアがしまった.

In conclusion

テ form ＋ しまう

テ form ＋ ちゃう（じゃう）

We use てしまう when we say that an action that takes time is finished early or is completely finished.

てしまう is also used when the speaker talks about something that is a mistake or is unfortunate or troublesome.

Exercise

１．（ねぼうしました。→　）

２．バスが（いきました。→　）

３．ゆびを（きりました。→　）

４．はなしを（ききました→　）

５．しゅくだいをせずに（ねました。→　）

Answer

１．（ねぼうしました。→ねぼうしてしまいました。）

２．バスが（いきました。→いってしまいました。）

３．ゆびを（きりました。→きってしまいました。）

４．はなしを（ききました→きいてしまいました。）

５．しゅくだいをせずに（ねました。→ねてしまいました。）

５．このゲームの（あそびます→あそびかた）をしっていますか。

If you have questions about this exercise, please contact me or leave a comment below.

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The post Japanese grammar JLPT N4 -てしまう- first appeared on Youと日本語.

If you don’t know how to use a computer, how can you ask in Japanese?

In this article. I will teach you how to say “how to”, which is V方（かた）

I’ve been teaching Japanese to beginners for three years, so when you read this article, you will understand what Vかた is.

There are practice exercises at the end of this article, so please read to the end.

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How to V in Japanese

Vます＋方（かた）

みます→み→みかた。

たべます→たべ→たべかた。

よみます→よみ→よみかた

We use ～方 to talk about how to do something.

Let’s see some examples.

Conclusion

Vます＋方（かた）

We use ～方 to talk about how to do something.

Exercise

１．このりょうりの（つくります→　）をおしえてください。

２．あたらしいきかいの（つかいます→　）がわかりません。

３．えきまでの（いきます→　）はわかりますか。

４．このひょうの（みます→　）がわかりません。

５．このゲームの（あそびます→　）をしっていますか。

Answer

１．このりょうりの（つくります→つくりかた）をおしえてください。

２．あたらしいきかいの（つかいます→つかいかた）がわかりません。

３．えきまでの（いきます→いきかた）はわかりますか。

４．このひょうの（みます→みかた）がわかりません。

５．このゲームの（あそびます→あそびかた）をしっていますか。

If you have questions about this exercise, please contact me or leave a comment below.

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In this article, I will teach you how to change from adjectives into adverbs.

As you know, adjectives describes nouns, but Japanese adjectives can modify verbs too.

The form of adjectives which can modify verbs is called 連用形 (れんようけい) , which is adverbial form.

When you read this article, you will understand what adverbial form is.

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Japanese adjectives and adverbs

If you don’t know what adjectives are, please read this article.

Learning Japanese grammar-adjectives conjugation

Before we discuss adverbial form, let’s learn what adjectives and adverbs are.

Adverbs are words that can modify words except nouns.

(ex) He runs fast.

Fast is an adverb.

In Japanese, they don’t have conjugation.

On the other hand, adjectives describes nouns.

(ex) Look at the tall man.

Tall is an adjective.

In Japanese, they can conjugate, so there is a form of adjectives that can modify action verbs.

Let’s take a closer look.

adverbial form of adjectives

イadj い＋く

(れい) おおきい→おおき→おおきく

ナadj＋に

(れい) たいせつな→たいせつに

Let’s see some examples.

はやく is originally はやい and it can modify a verb (おきました).

おおきく is an adverbial form of adjectives and it modifies a verb (かいてください).

しずか is an adjective, but when we put に to しずか, it can modify a verb.

I’ll give you some examples of adverbial form.

conclusion

イadj い＋く

(れい) おおきい→おおき→おおきく

ナadj＋に

(れい) たいせつな→たいせつに

Excercise

１．かみを　（ちいさいです→　）　きってください。

２．パソコンを　（あたらしいです→　）　かいました。

３．かのじょに　もらった　プレゼントを　（たいせつです→　）　つかいます。

４．（げんきです→　）　なりました。

５．これから　（いそがしいです→　）　なります。

Answer

１．かみを　（ちいさいです→ちいさく）　きってください。

２．パソコンを　（あたらしいです→あたらしく）　かいました。

３．かのじょに　もらった　プレゼントを　（たいせつです→たいせつに）　つかいます。

４．（げんきです→げんきに）　なりました。

５．これから　（いそがしいです→いそがしく）　なります。

If you would like to practice conjugation in conversation, please let me know.

I teach Japanese in person or online.

You will have chances to use Japanese in my class.

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The post What’s adverbial form of adjectives (く form)? first appeared on Youと日本語.

Do you know how to change verbs or adjectives into nouns?

The rule is easy.

I have been teaching Japanese to beginners for three years, so when you finish reading this article, you will understand what nominalizer is and how to change verbs and adjectives into nouns.

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what is nominalizer?

Nominalizer means the process of producing a noun from another word.

In English grammar, we may produce a noun by using a suffix.

For example, act >>actor, translate >> translator, employ >> employment, employer, employee.

The other way to make noun is by using gerunds. (The form of -ing)

For example, eat >> eating, drink >> drinking, run >> running.

Let’s see Japanese nominalizer.

Verb ＋ の or こと

You can use こと or particle of の to change a verb into a noun.

For example, たべるの, のむの, はしるの, たべること, のむこと, or はしること.

Like this example, の or こと connect with a verb and we can use them as a noun.

It makes a relative clause.

＊A clause mean a group of words that includes a subject and verb.

In this case, ほんをよむのは or ほんをよむことは(Reading a book) are subjects of this sentence.

Please read this article to know “verb ＋ の” or “verbこと” more.

What’s the difference between こと and の?

Adjective nominalizer

I will teach you two ways to change adjectives to nouns.

Use さ or み

イadjい＋さ or み

ナadj ＋ さ or み

If you don’t know the difference between イadjectives and ナadjectives, please read this article.

Learning Japanese grammar-adjectives conjugation

We use さ to change adjectives into nouns.

Words such as width, speed, length, weight and height are often used when we talk about things like size or speed.

When we use adjectives about feelings such as sadness, happiness or pain, we use さ or み.

This is a Japanese proverb.

あつい (hot) and さむい (cold) are adjectives, so they can’t be a subject.

We need to change them into nouns, which is あつさ and さむさ.

The difference between さ and み

When the adjectives are about feeling, they usually can be changed to nouns using さ or み.

Adjectiveさ usually expresses general feeling.

For example,

This feeling is general rather than personal feeling.

Therefore, たのしさ is better than たのしみ.

On the other hand, adjectiveみ usually expresses a personal feeling.

Let’s see another example.

This feeling is personal and the feeling would change depending on the person.

Adjective ＋ の

We can use の as a noun in a sentence that modifies the relevant noun.

Let’s think about one example.

Someone asks you if you would like hot coffee or ice coffee.

The answer is obviously about the coffee, so you don’t have to say coffee again.

あついの can be thought as a noun.

Let’s see another example.

There are many umbrellas and someone asked you which umbrella is yours.

When you answer the red umbrella is yours, obviously you mention about the umbrella.

Thus, you don’t have to say かさ again.

あかいの can be thought as a noun.

conclusion

You can use こと or particle of の to change a verb to a noun.

イadjい＋さ or み

ナadj ＋ さ or み

We can use の as a noun in a sentence that modifies the relevant noun.

Excercise

１．CNタワーの（たかいです→　）は、553メートルです。

２．Q. どれが　あなたの　かばんですか。

　　A. その　（おおきいです→　）です。

３．どうぶつを　（みます→　）は　たのしい。

４．あなたの　（やさしいです→　）がうれしいです。

５．さくぶんを　（かきます→　）は　すきじゃありません。

Answer

１．CNタワーの（たかいです→たかさ）は、553メートルです。

２．Q. どれが　あなたの　かばんですか。

　　A. その　（おおきいです→おおきいの）です。

３．どうぶつを　（みます→みるの or みること）は　たのしい。

４．あなたの　（やさしいです→やさしさ）がうれしいです。

５．さくぶんを　（かきます→かくのは or かくこと）は　すきじゃありません。

If you would like to practice conjugation in conversation, please let me know.

I teach Japanese in person or online.

You will have chances to use Japanese in my class.

↓Please feel free to contact me.

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The post Learning japanese grammar -nominalizer- first appeared on Youと日本語.

When something is hard to do or easy to do, how can you explain the situation in Japanese?

In this case, you can use Vにくい and Vやすい.

In this article, I will teach you how to use them.

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What is Vにくい?

Vます＋にくい

We use Vにくい to mean that something is hard to do or that something is unlikely to occur.

Let’s see some examples.

The third example mentions the cotton’s property.

にくい also means something unlikely to occur.

Let’s see the fourth example.

When giving someone advice that is difficult to give, you can say this before you start giving them advice.

What is Vやすい?

Vます＋やすい

We use Vやすい to mean that something is easy to do or that something may easily occur.

Let’s see these examples.

Conclusion

Vます＋にくい

We use Vにくい to mean that something is hard to do or that something is unlikely to occur.

Vます＋やすい

We use Vやすい to mean that something is easy to do or that something may easily occur.

Exercise

１．このカーテンは（もえます→　）そざいです。(Easy)

２．このパソコンは（つかいます→　）です。(Hard)

３．このさかなは　ほねがおおくて、（たべます→　）です。(Hard)

４．かれは（はなします→　）ひとです。(Easy)

５．このコーヒーはにがくて（のみます→　）です。(Hard)

６．このやまは　ビギナーでも　（のぼります→　）です。(Easy)

７．このペンは（かきます→　）です。(Easy)

８．このきかいは（こわれます→　）です。(Hard)

９．あたらしいかいしゃは（はたらきます→　）です。(Easy)

１０．ちいさくて（みます→　）。(Hard)

Answert

１．このカーテンは（もえます→もえやすい）そざいです。(Easy)

２．このパソコンは（つかいます→つかいにくい）です。(Hard)

３．このさかなは　ほねがおおくて、（たべます→たべにくい）です。(Hard)

４．かれは（はなします→はなしやすい）ひとです。(Easy)

５．このコーヒーはにがくて（のみます→のみにくい）です。(Hard)

６．このやまは　ビギナーでも　（のぼります→のぼりやすい）です。(Easy)

７．このペンは（かきます→かきやすい）です。(Easy)

８．このきかいは（こわれます→こわれにくい）です。(Hard)

９．あたらしいかいしゃは（はたらきます→はたらきやすい）です。(Easy)

１０．ちいさくて（みます→みにくい）。(Hard)

If you would like to practice conjugation in conversation, please let me know.

I teach Japanese in person or online.

You will have chances to use Japanese in my class.

↓Please feel free contact me.

↓You can also learn Japanese on my Instagram.

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The post Let’s learn japanese grammar -Vにくい, Vやすい- first appeared on Youと日本語.

In this article, I am going to teach you when you can use Vところだ and how to use it.

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When to use ところだ

ところだ is used like in these three situation.

I am going to explain about these in detail.

dictionary form＋ところだ

Dictionary form ＋ ところだ

V＋ところだ means someone is going to do something now.

If you say “ごはんをたべるところです”, it means it’s right before you start eating.

Let’s see other examples

Vている ＋ ところだ

Vている ＋ ところだ

Vている means someone is doing something right now.

If you say “ごはんをたべているところです”, it means you are eating right now.

What’s the difference between ています and ているところです?

ています is status and ているところです is more feeling expression.

You may feel sorry when you use ているところです。

Let’s see an example.

You feel sorry because you refused your friend’s invitation.

Therefore, you said べんきょうしているところです instead of べんきょうしています.

タ form ＋ ところです

タ form ＋ ところです

What is タ form? Please read this article.

Let’s learn Japanese plain form.

たところです means someone has just finished something.

If you say “ごはんをたべたところです”, it means you have just finished eating.

Let’s see other example.

Casual form

You can say Vとこ instead of Vところです。

Let’s see examples.

Conclusion

Dictionary form ＋ ところだ

Vところだ means someone is going to do something now.

If you say “ごはんをたべるところです”, it means it’s right before you start eating.

Vている ＋ ところだ

Vている means someone is doing something right now.

If you say “ごはんをたべているところです”, it means you are eating right now.

タ form ＋ ところです

たところです means someone has just finished something.

If you say “ごはんをたべたところです”, it means you have just finished eating.

Exercise

１

Q. チケットの　よやくは　もう　しましたか。

A. はい、いま（します→　）ところです。

2

Q. いつ　いえに　つきますか。

A. いま、バスを（おります→　）ところです。もうすぐつきます。

3

Q. しゅくだい　おわりましたか。

いま（します→　）ところです。もうすぐおわります。

4

Q, このノートつかってもいいですか。

A. すみません。いまから（つかいます→　）ところです。

5

Q. いえに　つきましたか。

A. はい、いま（つきます→　）ところです。

Answer

１

Q. チケットの　よやくは　もう　しましたか。

A. はい、いま（します→した）ところです。

2

Q. いつ　いえに　つきますか。

A. いま、バスを（おります→おりた）ところです。もうすぐつきます。

3

Q. しゅくだい　おわりましたか。

いま（します→している）ところです。もうすぐおわります。

4

Q, このノートをつかってもいいですか。

A. すみません。いまから（つかいます→つかう）ところです。

5

Q. いえに　つきましたか。

A. はい、いま（つきます→ついた）ところです。

If you would like to practice conjugation in conversation, please let me know.

I teach Japanese in person or online.

You will have chances to use Japanese in my class.

↓Please feel free contact me.

Contact form

↓You can also learn Japanese on my Instagram.

Youtonihongo Instagram

The free trial class online

We offer online classes and in person classes

Get started for free

The post Learn Japanese grammar- what is Vところだ?- first appeared on Youと日本語.

ます form is a very basic conjugation type of a verb, but what is masu form?

When and how can we use it?

I will explain what masu form is in this article.

I have been teaching Japanese to beginners for three years, so when you finish reading this article, you will understand what masu form is.

*Are you looking for a place to practice Japanese?

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You may receive one free 30-minute trial lesson.

>>Contact form.

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what is masu form

Masu form is the polite form for verbs.

desu is for nouns and adjectives, and masu is for verbs.

おおきいです

たべます

When you learn Japanese via a textbook, you will learn masu form first because masu form’s conjugation is more simple than plain form.

If you want to learn verb conjugation, please read this article.

Japanese verb conjugation rules with chart

This is masu forms conjugation.

You will need to memorize some basic vocabulary.

You can learn more vocabulary with me.

Let’s see some examples.

Conclusion

Masu form is the polite form for verbs.

When you learn Japanese via a textbook, you will learn masu form first because masu form’s conjugation is more simple than plain form.

Practice

Please chage to negative form or past tense.

(ex1) まいにち　7じに　（おきます→おきません）。

(ex2) きのう　11じに　（ねます→ねました）。

１．わたしは　おさけを　（のみます→　）。

２．にちようびは　（はたらきます→　）。

３．せんしゅう　ピクニックへ　（いきます→　）。

４．わたしは　きのう　ラーメンを（たべます→　）。

５．あしたは　べんきょう　（します→　）。

Answer

１．わたしは　おさけを　（のみます→のみません）。

２．にちようびは　（はたらきます→はたらきません）。

３．せんしゅう　ピクニックへ　（いきます→いきました）。

４．わたしは　きのう　ラーメンを（たべます→たべました）。

５．あしたは　べんきょう　（します→しません）。

If you would like to practice conjugation in conversation, please let me know.

I teach Japanese in person or online.

You will have chances to use Japanese in my class.

↓Please feel free contact me.

Contact form

↓You can also learn Japanese on my Instagram.

Youtonihongo Instagram

The free trial class online

We offer online classes and in person classes

Get started for free

The post What is Japanese masu form? -learning verb- first appeared on Youと日本語.